St Peter’s Eaton Square
The Vicar’s Report to the Annual Parochial Church Meeting,
Wednesday 29 April 2009
The Revd Nicholas Papadopulos
In the sermon he preached here on Passiontide Sunday the Archbishop of Canterbury asked how the death of Christ might be represented; not how a crucified man might be represented, for enough is known about the Romans’ vicious methods to allow us to do that with ease; rather, how the encounter between the living God and desolate death might be adequately represented.
He drew our attention to three truths disclosed by Silvia Dimitrova’s numinous icon. The first is the hands of Christ which are open and uplifted in prayer. In death, even in death, Christ prays, offering all that he is to his Father. The second is that radiating from Christ’s body, twisted in agony, is the unearthly light of God. In death, even in death, Christ makes visible the light of his Father. So when the Son of God encounters the ‘no’ of death he entrusts himself to his Father in prayer, and in so trusting he reveals heaven’s light. Yet the third truth is that the truest representation of Christ’s death and resurrection is composed not in oils or even in tempera on wood but in us: in our living, or rather in our dying to self and living anew, remade and recreated, by heaven’s light burning within us.
Prayer, light, and embodied change have characterized our priorities here since 2007. We are a community; we are one community, not a number of parallel and occasionally colliding communities. We are a community which prays and offers itself to God in worship, believing that in worship we encounter God and that that encounter inspires change. We are community which is growing in discipleship of Jesus Christ, trying to become more like the one who shows us what God is like and to shine with his light. We are a community set in the world, a community which, believing itself remade by God, longs to remake the world around it so that it is more God-like. Worship, discipleship, transformation; if you will, prayer, light, embodied change: this is what I believe the priorities of our mission continue to be.
Allow me to sketch for you not an exhaustive and exhausting list of all we have done in the last twelve months. The Annual Report does that. Instead allow me to sketch for you a few examples of what a community which takes seriously its worship, its discipleship, and its world actually looks like.
Worship
On the last Sunday of Advent our church became an unruly cattle-shed located in Bethlehem some two millennia ago. The sidesmen were dressed as shepherds, the deacon as a donkey, and at least two former churchwardens as sheep. Alisa and Claire’s nativity play drew us together and asked us not to look in on the charming story of Christmas but to live it for ourselves. On the night the Archbishop was with us no one who was here will forget Andrew Smith’s brilliant setting of St Anselm’s Ave Crux, sublime music which combined with Silvia’s icon and a drama of lights and incense to bring heaven close to earth. ‘There’s glory for you’ as Humpty Dumpty said to Alice. In Advent and in Passiontide, all through the year, worship changes us.
Discipleship
One Sunday evening in Lent nearly twenty of our young people shared crisps, pizza, ice cream and even salad with James and I in this very room. They wanted to be there; they wanted to come again; they knew that in some way they belonged together and belonged here, in a Church. Last September we gave over four Sundays of the Family Eucharist to a series on the liturgy of the Eucharist, remembering together how we gather with God, listen to God, share with God and are sent out by God. Person after person told us how they had appreciated the teaching, how it had reminded them of long-lost Confirmation lessons and of Confirmation lessons they’d never had. In Lent and in the late summer we took hold of our Baptism and explored together what it means.
The World
In February on successive Sundays we heard from preachers representing the two causes upon which the PCC has decided to concentrate its support. Neither is a fashionable or easy charity. Angola is a far away African state whose bitter civil war has been eclipsed in our memories by those in Rwanda and Sudan. Yet it is desperately poor and has an urgent need of civil infrastructure. We have a partner in the parish of St Matthew Kimvuenga; we will build them a school and walk with them as partners in prayer and mission. Zacchaeus 2000 is a Christian trust whose call is to create an inclusive society. We are fond of the adjective ‘inclusive’: Z2K exists to remind us that the greatest barrier to inclusion in Britain in 2009 is poverty and the ill-health and educational underachievement that accompany it. In adopting St Matthew’s and Z2K we are acting to transform God’s world.
In all these ways we have taken forward our mission priorities since we last met, and along the way we have welcomed a new priest in James and a new deacon in Mark; we have almost completed work on the organ, launched a new website, and installed a new PA system; we have seen nearly twenty candidates confirmed by the Bishop; we have hosted the Diocesan Synod, the Conference of the Church of England’s liturgical officers, and the induction day for Back to Church Sunday nationwide. James made a guest appearance on the Vanessa Feltz show while I recorded ten episodes of Pause for Thought for BBC Radio 2. We have not stood still.
That we have not stood still is due in large part to the very hard work of a very considerable number of people. I have already thanked the parochial officers and the members of the PCC. I would like now to sing a few of the unsung heroes (or rather heroines) whose efforts all too often go unnoticed. Deborah Hulett, for example, whose green-fingered magic keeps our garden looking beautiful in every season that God sends; Mary Drummond, who has spent hours this year removing wax from hassocks and washing and ironing the choir’s surplices; Carl and Cressida Eatson-Lloyd, whose artistic gifts underpinned the Giving Campaign and brought it to life; Elizabeth Parker, who has given years of service as Mrs Tiggywinkle laundering the sanctuary linen and has even found in Saskia Sissons a willing successor. I could go on, but that St Peter’s flourishes as it does is thanks to hours that are given freely and willingly.
We are as ever hugely fortunate in our staff. Douglas the verger, Olivia the administrator and Susan the book-keeper all work longer hours than they should and do so with infinite grace and good humour. Each of them is dedicated to what they do, and I am glad to reassure them of just how grateful I am to each of them on behalf of us all.
Our Director of Music Andrew Smith has surpassed himself this year. He is a consummate professional with exactingly high standards, but even he ought to be pleased with a year that has seen the release of not one but two discs and an unflinchingly high standard in liturgical music. He and Dan Moult make a wonderful team, and it was a delight to see them presiding over the national Organ Day which drew organists from all over the country to St Peter’s in March.
Stephen Brown, organist at the Family Eucharist since my arrival in 2007, left us at Easter and will even now be tearing into the keyboard part of a German musical resembling Blazing Saddles in Berlin. We miss his spirited playing and his empathetic leadership of the Family Eucharist choir. And Maurice Mantle, employed by the St Peter’s Eaton Square Charity as parish Groundsman since 2002 has retired. We wish him and Carol good health and every happiness in the months ahead. Processes are underway to replace both Stephen and Maurice.
I have already alluded to what is probably the most significant change that has occurred in the parish in the last year so far as I am concerned. It is that this year I address you as a member of a clergy team, and words do not do justice to my pleasure at being able to do so. Clergy throughout the Diocese and beyond decry their ordained colleagues as the crosses which they have to bear. I rejoice in my ordained colleagues; I count myself blessed in having them and cannot imagine having any finer. James, Claire and Mark bring me (and hence you) huge gifts of pastoral care, prophetic wisdom, sharp wit and sheer hard work. I am deeply grateful to them all.
And that is an appropriate point at which to remind you of my last report to the APCM. Twelve months ago I ended by summarizing my priorities for the year ahead, and there would have been little point in doing that unless I had been prepared to revisit those priorities twelve months later. The first of these was the nurture of an effective clergy team, and while I am content that this priority is in hand my colleagues will remain a priority. Thankfully, the biggest change to the team that we can envisage at present is a very happy one, namely Mark’s ordination as priest at Petertide.
My second priority was the introduction of new initiatives on discipleship. I have given examples of these; the forthcoming Life course will be a further significant development; my instincts are that two further tasks under the discipleship priority beckon urgently. One is building on that Lenten pizza evening and refounding a parish youth club for the twenty-first century; the second is developing our ministry of hospitality and welcome. This will sound brutal, but all too often a first-time worshipper at the Family Eucharist is confronted by our intimidatingly crowded portico, some mashed-up polystyrene cups and two empty coffee jugs.
My third priority was that I hoped we might be able to judge our success not just by the numbers coming through our doors but by the impact we have on the community we serve. This is the Church in the World priority and here I believe we still have work to do. We are St Peter’s Eaton Square, the parish church responsible for a slice of central London. The great challenge for us is how we relate to that slice, how we are transforming it and making it more God-like. Beyond our excellent links with our school our impact on this place is still limited. The Bishop of London told Sunday’s Confirmation candidates that the Church could never be risk-averse. Perhaps this is the year when we will take some risks. Here’s a thought. It might cost £5,000 to hire the SW1 Gallery in Cardinal Place for a week. But just suppose we did. Just suppose that that was our Church. If it was, how might we make use of it – what opportunities for play, refreshment, artistic creation and spiritual exploration might we offer to the transient community that throngs around it? Do we have a story to tell between Wagamama and Marks and Spencer?
My last priority was that I hoped we might take a more mature approach to our finances. We have – as Peter Wild has already said, the Giving Campaign has made a good start. But it falls far short of the sum we set out to raise, and this year we will face a very stiff test. The five-yearly inspection of our building last year generated a heavy schedule of works that are necessary, particularly to our roofs. But I don’t want the work done to be purely maintenance; I want to take the opportunity to reimagine and refurbish the public spaces in our building, those rooms we currently let out and some we currently don’t, so that we can better serve the city and make this place a seven-day hub of activity where community is built and need is met. If you have not joined the Giving scheme then please do so tonight: if you have but your friends and neighbours have not then please speak to them.
Perhaps it seems odd to conclude an annual report by talking about money, but money is not an optional add-on to those three priorities of worship, discipleship and the world. Without funding there is no building to worship in; without proper consideration of funding there is no growth in discipleship; without a commitment to sustained funding there is no long-term resource for Angola or anywhere else. In this parish this ought not be an obstruction to the mission God has given us.
I have said this before and I will say it again: this remains an exciting place in which to be a priest and many of you have shown me great support and kindness in the year that is now behind us. I am very grateful, and look forward to the worship, discipleship, transformation (and parties) of the next twelve months.
Thursday, 30 April 2009
Thursday, 23 April 2009
Easter Day 2009
‘All I have is a voice
To undo the folded lie,
The romantic lie in the brain
Of the sensual man-in-the-street
And the lie of Authority
Whose buildings grope the sky:
There is no such thing as the State
And no one exists alone;
Hunger allows no choice
To the citizen or the police;
We must love one another or die’.
One of the many privileges of serving my curacy in Portsmouth’s North End was the proximity of the church to Cliffdale Primary, a non-denominational school for children with special needs. I used to come away from taking assembly there with my heart singing at the warmth with which the children greeted their visitors and at the strength of the school community. At Cliffdale children who would elsewhere be treated as different and difficult were treated as unique and wonderful, and teachers and pupils demonstrated compassion for each and nurtured the welfare of all.
Every term they came to church to put on a seasonal performance. One Easter offering featured a young man called Edward playing Jesus. He was deposited unceremoniously in a cardboard tomb; there was a brief pause; and then the teacher continued her narrative: ‘Three days later Jesus came back to life’. Edward got up, climbed out of the tomb, and went to meet his tea-towel-headed disciples.
I was no more present in the tomb on Easter morning than was that Cliffdale teacher, or any other human observer; and dramatists must be allowed to flex their creative muscles. But I have never forgotten that script: ‘Three days later Jesus came back to life’. I have never forgotten it because it cut right across the mutual, collegial atmosphere of the school in which every person was valued and, I believe, misrepresented what happened in the tomb. Had I been asked to write the script I would have written ‘Three days later God raised Jesus from the dead’.
Well, isn’t that just typical? You make the effort to get to church on Easter morning, only to hear the vicar quibbling over the precise deployment of one or two words. It’s no wonder that the institution is dying on its feet.
I’m not about to apologize for my pedantry. To construe the resurrection of Jesus as Jesus coming back to life is misconstrue it absolutely. Jesus coming back to life is Jesus as a species of super-human, Jesus resuscitated by his own latent power or by some anonymous mystical force; whereas Jesus raised by God is the Son raised by the Father.
This is the Christian faith. The resurrection is not the reawakening of a dead god; it is the vindication of a relationship of faith, trust and hope. ‘Father, into your hands I commend my spirit’ says Jesus from the cross. ‘It is finished’ he adds. Jesus goes to his death confident that in so doing he is placing himself wholly at God’s mercy and trusting that at his life’s end he could not have done so more completely. Even in the cry of abandonment ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’ he is quoting the psalmist whose despair is heard and answered. On the cross Jesus surrenders himself to God; on the third day God raises him up. Easter is about trust and hope; it is about a relationship.
This Easter faith is not just Gospel for the minority of us who remember it and celebrate it today. In 2009 Easter comes at a time of global crisis. Sharper minds and quicker tongues than mine have piled diagnosis upon diagnosis, digest upon digest, detailing the economic recession in which we live; the international terrorism which continues to threaten; the unfinished wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; and the world’s failure to address the consequences of calamitous climate change.
Is it rash or naive to suggest that each of these crises has its roots in the intellectual tradition which has dominated Western thought since the seventeenth century, the Enlightenment tradition which places the individual, the individual’s reason, and the individual’s needs at the centre of everything. The road from ‘I think, therefore I am’ via ‘I consume, therefore I am’ to ‘I dominate, therefore I am’ is a very short road, and it’s a road that has led us to financial ruin, environmental catastrophe and geopolitical turmoil.
Yet a crisis is an ideal time for fresh thinking and bold speaking. If the Easter faith has nothing to say to the crises then it has nothing to say. If it can mount no intellectual challenge to the tradition which has allowed (indeed endorsed) the reckless speculation of untrammelled capitalism, the unfettered squandering of the earth’s reserves and the morality of expediency in international relations then it has run its course and it deserves to die.
But the Easter faith does have something to say to this tradition. Here I set myself the modest task of undoing three hundred years of thought in one sermon; but this is Easter Day, when anything is possible, so let me try. Easter happens not because of a Master of the Universe armed with red braces, machine gun and oil prospecting machine whose bold endeavours trickle down in benefits for those around him; Easter happens because of a relationship; it could not have happened had Jesus not placed his faith and trust in God. It is a relationship that destroys death; it is a relationship that takes captivity captive; it is the same relationship that gives us hope. God raises Jesus from the dead; God raises us from the dead; we are because God is. We are; you and I are; you and I are only because God is. ‘Do not be afraid’ says the risen Jesus to his friends: in our very essence, at the very core of our being, we are not alone. We dare not behave as though we are.
The poets have long known this. John Donne wrote ‘no man is an island entire of itself…any man’s death diminishes me’ only a few short years before Rene Descartes got to work. WH Auden wrote the lines with which I began at the outbreak of war in 1939. Yet Christian faith, perhaps in the West dogged for too long by too-narrow notions of individual accountability and salvation, has too often failed to work at ontology, at the theology of being. Had it done so it might have recalled that community and relationship define human identity. That was the joy of Cliffdale Primary School. Community and relationship must define human identity, for we are created beings, created beings created by a God who is in Godself a community in relationship, a community never more plainly displayed than on Easter morning when the Father raises the Son in the power of the Spirit.
Let the world hear that; let the world hear our joyful proclamation that this day God raises Jesus from the dead; that we are never alone; that we need not be afraid; and that therefore we have hope. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Amen.
To undo the folded lie,
The romantic lie in the brain
Of the sensual man-in-the-street
And the lie of Authority
Whose buildings grope the sky:
There is no such thing as the State
And no one exists alone;
Hunger allows no choice
To the citizen or the police;
We must love one another or die’.
One of the many privileges of serving my curacy in Portsmouth’s North End was the proximity of the church to Cliffdale Primary, a non-denominational school for children with special needs. I used to come away from taking assembly there with my heart singing at the warmth with which the children greeted their visitors and at the strength of the school community. At Cliffdale children who would elsewhere be treated as different and difficult were treated as unique and wonderful, and teachers and pupils demonstrated compassion for each and nurtured the welfare of all.
Every term they came to church to put on a seasonal performance. One Easter offering featured a young man called Edward playing Jesus. He was deposited unceremoniously in a cardboard tomb; there was a brief pause; and then the teacher continued her narrative: ‘Three days later Jesus came back to life’. Edward got up, climbed out of the tomb, and went to meet his tea-towel-headed disciples.
I was no more present in the tomb on Easter morning than was that Cliffdale teacher, or any other human observer; and dramatists must be allowed to flex their creative muscles. But I have never forgotten that script: ‘Three days later Jesus came back to life’. I have never forgotten it because it cut right across the mutual, collegial atmosphere of the school in which every person was valued and, I believe, misrepresented what happened in the tomb. Had I been asked to write the script I would have written ‘Three days later God raised Jesus from the dead’.
Well, isn’t that just typical? You make the effort to get to church on Easter morning, only to hear the vicar quibbling over the precise deployment of one or two words. It’s no wonder that the institution is dying on its feet.
I’m not about to apologize for my pedantry. To construe the resurrection of Jesus as Jesus coming back to life is misconstrue it absolutely. Jesus coming back to life is Jesus as a species of super-human, Jesus resuscitated by his own latent power or by some anonymous mystical force; whereas Jesus raised by God is the Son raised by the Father.
This is the Christian faith. The resurrection is not the reawakening of a dead god; it is the vindication of a relationship of faith, trust and hope. ‘Father, into your hands I commend my spirit’ says Jesus from the cross. ‘It is finished’ he adds. Jesus goes to his death confident that in so doing he is placing himself wholly at God’s mercy and trusting that at his life’s end he could not have done so more completely. Even in the cry of abandonment ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’ he is quoting the psalmist whose despair is heard and answered. On the cross Jesus surrenders himself to God; on the third day God raises him up. Easter is about trust and hope; it is about a relationship.
This Easter faith is not just Gospel for the minority of us who remember it and celebrate it today. In 2009 Easter comes at a time of global crisis. Sharper minds and quicker tongues than mine have piled diagnosis upon diagnosis, digest upon digest, detailing the economic recession in which we live; the international terrorism which continues to threaten; the unfinished wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; and the world’s failure to address the consequences of calamitous climate change.
Is it rash or naive to suggest that each of these crises has its roots in the intellectual tradition which has dominated Western thought since the seventeenth century, the Enlightenment tradition which places the individual, the individual’s reason, and the individual’s needs at the centre of everything. The road from ‘I think, therefore I am’ via ‘I consume, therefore I am’ to ‘I dominate, therefore I am’ is a very short road, and it’s a road that has led us to financial ruin, environmental catastrophe and geopolitical turmoil.
Yet a crisis is an ideal time for fresh thinking and bold speaking. If the Easter faith has nothing to say to the crises then it has nothing to say. If it can mount no intellectual challenge to the tradition which has allowed (indeed endorsed) the reckless speculation of untrammelled capitalism, the unfettered squandering of the earth’s reserves and the morality of expediency in international relations then it has run its course and it deserves to die.
But the Easter faith does have something to say to this tradition. Here I set myself the modest task of undoing three hundred years of thought in one sermon; but this is Easter Day, when anything is possible, so let me try. Easter happens not because of a Master of the Universe armed with red braces, machine gun and oil prospecting machine whose bold endeavours trickle down in benefits for those around him; Easter happens because of a relationship; it could not have happened had Jesus not placed his faith and trust in God. It is a relationship that destroys death; it is a relationship that takes captivity captive; it is the same relationship that gives us hope. God raises Jesus from the dead; God raises us from the dead; we are because God is. We are; you and I are; you and I are only because God is. ‘Do not be afraid’ says the risen Jesus to his friends: in our very essence, at the very core of our being, we are not alone. We dare not behave as though we are.
The poets have long known this. John Donne wrote ‘no man is an island entire of itself…any man’s death diminishes me’ only a few short years before Rene Descartes got to work. WH Auden wrote the lines with which I began at the outbreak of war in 1939. Yet Christian faith, perhaps in the West dogged for too long by too-narrow notions of individual accountability and salvation, has too often failed to work at ontology, at the theology of being. Had it done so it might have recalled that community and relationship define human identity. That was the joy of Cliffdale Primary School. Community and relationship must define human identity, for we are created beings, created beings created by a God who is in Godself a community in relationship, a community never more plainly displayed than on Easter morning when the Father raises the Son in the power of the Spirit.
Let the world hear that; let the world hear our joyful proclamation that this day God raises Jesus from the dead; that we are never alone; that we need not be afraid; and that therefore we have hope. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Amen.
Thursday, 9 April 2009
How To Behave in the Presence of God: three addresses for Holy Week 2009
Monday in Holy Week: Earth
It’s fashionable for booksellers to pile their counters high with small, well-presented volumes with winsome titles such as ‘Forty Hints for Husbands’ or ‘Surviving your Children’. Inspired by such bijou publications, and conscious that I am preaching before the Icon of the Crucifixion for the first time, I have entitled this series of three addresses for Holy Week ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God.
Let me explain. Most of us observe some sort of bodily ritual on entering a sacred space, from nodding our heads to prostrating ourselves headlong. In these three addresses I will consider the three gestures associated by Orthodox Christians with the presence of icons.
This is Chapter One of my slim, hard-back volume: Earth.
When President Obama travelled to London last week a number of bags of his own blood travelled with him. When an Orthodox Christian approaches an icon he stoops down and touches the ground before it. If the President ever ponders that particular element of his travel arrangements then it may remind him of the ever-present possibility of his death. If the Orthodox Christian ever ponders the custom he has known all his life then it may have a similar effect. In touching the ground he is acknowledging the dust of which he is made, and to which he will return.
‘The dust of which he is made, and to which he will return’. That is a phrase with which we began the journey into Lent. It acknowledges our relationship with the dust upon which we stand, and it assumes three quite distinct stages in that relationship. We begin as dust; we live; we dissolve into dust. The Orthodox gesture of touching the ground suggests that the three stages are not nearly so distinct as we might like to think.
This is clear as we contemplate the stories of the Passion of Jesus, which is not only a story of people. It is a story of dust, a story of the dust upon which people walk. On Palm Sunday the crowds rejoice at the coming of their King. According to St Luke the Pharisees tell Jesus to tell them to be quiet. He answers that if the crowd was silent the very stones would shout out. On Good Friday Jesus dies upon the cross. According to St Matthew he cries aloud and breathes his last. At that very moment the earth shakes and the rocks split.
So what lies beneath the feet of Holy Week’s protagonists is not inanimate stuff, the passive backdrop to the drama enacted upon it. The earth is instead a responsive, empathetic player in the drama.
This is a motif that recurs throughout the Scriptures. Isaiah speaks of the hills bursting into song and of the trees of the fields clapping their hands at the return of God’s people to Zion. St Paul writes of the whole creation groaning with the pains of labour.
We are of dust and we will return to dust. The salvation for which we wait must also be the salvation of dust. The whole earth cries out for redemption, for re-creation, for renewal. This is not trendy environmentalism but orthodox faith. What turns upon the events of this week is not the purification of our interior lives; it is the purification of all that is. The earth is not God. But God has created the earth out of nothing; God sustains it in being every second of every hour; it is beloved of God and in need of God’s work of re-creation.
We touch the ground in the presence of God not to emphasize our separation from the earth or our elevation above it, but to recall our creatureliness, our utter dependence in solidarity with all that is, on God’s loving attention.
Tuesday in Holy Week: Flesh
This is the second in a three-chapter work entitled ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God’, a rumination on the three gestures Orthodox Christians associate with the presence of the divine in icons.
In Chapter One I considered the first of these, stooping to touch the ground, and I pondered how in Holy Week this identifies the worshipper with the dust of the earth, the dust that cries out for redemption just as the worshipper cries out for redemption.
Now to Chapter Two: Flesh.
After touching the ground and making the sign of the cross the Orthodox Christian approaches the icon and plants a kiss upon it. I say upon it; she will often in fact kiss the small replica of the icon which is positioned below the icon itself, sparing the often ancient and venerable gold leaf of the original.
A kiss.
When my colleagues and I were considering how we might raise the general standard of conduct at Sunday worship here (at both 10 o’clock and at 11.15, I should say) one proposal was that we might introduce a poster of the sort that some of us remember from the swimming pools of the 1970s. A series of cartoons might warn the faithful in simple terms: ‘no running; no smoking; no pushing’. However the proposal foundered on our recollection of the injunction ‘no petting’ and its picture of a couple entwined, the man looking down lasciviously on his bikini-clad paramour who gazes up at him adoringly. For we actually do rather a lot of kissing in church.
At the Eucharist the first ritual act of the president is to kiss the altar, acknowledging on behalf of the people the divine presence in the lives of the saints, whose relics were originally embedded within the table. Then once the Gospel has been proclaimed the president kisses the book, acknowledging on behalf of the people the divine presence in the written Word. Then, before the gifts are brought to the table, we acknowledge the divine presence in one another at the Peace. It’s true that being British and Anglican we normally shake hands, but when we do so we are echoing St Paul’s command that we should greet one another with a holy kiss.
So a kiss is for us a familiar way of acknowledging the divine presence, and kissing a sacred image ought not present us with any difficulty. This is Holy Week, however, and in Holy Week we remember only one kiss.
‘Judas, is it with a kiss that you are betraying the Son of Man?’ The gesture is so terrible that the evangelists are divided over whether it actually happened. John cannot bear to contemplate it, and has Jesus identifying himself to the guards; in Luke Jesus forestalls the act with his question; only in Matthew and Mark does Judas actually make contact with Jesus, greeting him as ‘Rabbi!’
It was an acknowledgement of presence, just as our kisses are; it was perhaps even an acknowledgement of divine presence, a last roll of the dice for Judas, desperate to goad his God into action. But it was also the betrayal of a friend.
We dare not turn Judas into a scapegoat. For our kisses betray; our protestations of loyalty ring hollow; our vows of friendship deceive. We bring our lips to the cup of Christ’s presence and yet crucify him in our hearts and minds.
We kiss the sacred image; we acknowledge the divine presence; we recall that in so doing we worship one who will never fail, never betray, never deceive.
Wednesday in Holy Week: Fire
This is the third and last chapter in a volume entitled ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God’. In it I have offered some reflections on the three gestures that Orthodox Christians associate with the presence of God in holy icons.
In the first of these I considered the custom of touching the ground upon which the icon stands, a recognition that the worshipper is formed of the dust of the earth and will return to the dust of the earth, and so is a part of the entirety of creation that longs for God’s redeeming work. In the second I considered the custom of kissing the icon, a recognition of the divine presence that the icon mediates, a recognition which perhaps dawned dimly on Judas Iscariot when he kissed the Rabbi in the garden.
So to the third chapter: Fire.
After touching the ground and kissing the image the Orthodox Christian lights a candle before it, a candle which will burn long after he has left the place where the icon stands.
Of all three gestures this is the one with which we are most familiar. It’s not just that lighting candles is a popular activity in this parish; it is a popular activity throughout the length and breadth of our culture. Votive candles, so called, can be bought in Ikea as easily as in ecclesiastical outfitters, and they adorn not only the roadside shrines which have become a commonplace of contemporary life but also suburban dining tables and fireplaces. The lighting of candles is an acceptable secular liturgical act to which none now object. It’s strange to think that it caused such controversy in our church in the late nineteenth century.
Candles vary, of course, from ordinary tea-lights to extravagantly coloured and exotically perfumed confections that are scarcely recognizable as candles. What they all have in common is that they are made for a common end: their own destruction. That’s their point. Burn a candle and you’ll be left with nothing but a waxy pool, a lingering scent, and a memory of beauty, warmth and light.
Perhaps that is where the disciples of Jesus found themselves as night fell on Good Friday. Their dear friend had been destroyed as surely as are the candles lit here daily. His life had burned so brightly, shedding warming rays and dispelling gloomy shadow. But as the shades lengthened around the rock-hewn tomb the disciples had to adjust to a new reality. He was dead. It was finished. And all that was left was a beautiful memory.
Here we run out of gestures, metaphors and illustrations. A spent candle is a spent candle. It cannot be re-lit.
So let me suggest this. A candle is created for its own destruction. That is a common hallmark of human creation: rubber tyres are made for wearing out, steak and kidney pies for eating, and atomic weapons for detonation.
Perhaps God’s creation is different. He hates nothing he has made, as the Lenten Collect reminds us. Perhaps God’s creation is never for its own destruction. Perhaps it is only ever for its own transformation, for its transformation from glory to glory. Perhaps the dust and ash of the earth awaits such transformation; perhaps the denial of Peter and the betrayal of Iscariot await such transformation. And perhaps we await it, too.
Christ stands in the garden of Easter, his wounded hands outstretched towards us.
It’s fashionable for booksellers to pile their counters high with small, well-presented volumes with winsome titles such as ‘Forty Hints for Husbands’ or ‘Surviving your Children’. Inspired by such bijou publications, and conscious that I am preaching before the Icon of the Crucifixion for the first time, I have entitled this series of three addresses for Holy Week ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God.
Let me explain. Most of us observe some sort of bodily ritual on entering a sacred space, from nodding our heads to prostrating ourselves headlong. In these three addresses I will consider the three gestures associated by Orthodox Christians with the presence of icons.
This is Chapter One of my slim, hard-back volume: Earth.
When President Obama travelled to London last week a number of bags of his own blood travelled with him. When an Orthodox Christian approaches an icon he stoops down and touches the ground before it. If the President ever ponders that particular element of his travel arrangements then it may remind him of the ever-present possibility of his death. If the Orthodox Christian ever ponders the custom he has known all his life then it may have a similar effect. In touching the ground he is acknowledging the dust of which he is made, and to which he will return.
‘The dust of which he is made, and to which he will return’. That is a phrase with which we began the journey into Lent. It acknowledges our relationship with the dust upon which we stand, and it assumes three quite distinct stages in that relationship. We begin as dust; we live; we dissolve into dust. The Orthodox gesture of touching the ground suggests that the three stages are not nearly so distinct as we might like to think.
This is clear as we contemplate the stories of the Passion of Jesus, which is not only a story of people. It is a story of dust, a story of the dust upon which people walk. On Palm Sunday the crowds rejoice at the coming of their King. According to St Luke the Pharisees tell Jesus to tell them to be quiet. He answers that if the crowd was silent the very stones would shout out. On Good Friday Jesus dies upon the cross. According to St Matthew he cries aloud and breathes his last. At that very moment the earth shakes and the rocks split.
So what lies beneath the feet of Holy Week’s protagonists is not inanimate stuff, the passive backdrop to the drama enacted upon it. The earth is instead a responsive, empathetic player in the drama.
This is a motif that recurs throughout the Scriptures. Isaiah speaks of the hills bursting into song and of the trees of the fields clapping their hands at the return of God’s people to Zion. St Paul writes of the whole creation groaning with the pains of labour.
We are of dust and we will return to dust. The salvation for which we wait must also be the salvation of dust. The whole earth cries out for redemption, for re-creation, for renewal. This is not trendy environmentalism but orthodox faith. What turns upon the events of this week is not the purification of our interior lives; it is the purification of all that is. The earth is not God. But God has created the earth out of nothing; God sustains it in being every second of every hour; it is beloved of God and in need of God’s work of re-creation.
We touch the ground in the presence of God not to emphasize our separation from the earth or our elevation above it, but to recall our creatureliness, our utter dependence in solidarity with all that is, on God’s loving attention.
Tuesday in Holy Week: Flesh
This is the second in a three-chapter work entitled ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God’, a rumination on the three gestures Orthodox Christians associate with the presence of the divine in icons.
In Chapter One I considered the first of these, stooping to touch the ground, and I pondered how in Holy Week this identifies the worshipper with the dust of the earth, the dust that cries out for redemption just as the worshipper cries out for redemption.
Now to Chapter Two: Flesh.
After touching the ground and making the sign of the cross the Orthodox Christian approaches the icon and plants a kiss upon it. I say upon it; she will often in fact kiss the small replica of the icon which is positioned below the icon itself, sparing the often ancient and venerable gold leaf of the original.
A kiss.
When my colleagues and I were considering how we might raise the general standard of conduct at Sunday worship here (at both 10 o’clock and at 11.15, I should say) one proposal was that we might introduce a poster of the sort that some of us remember from the swimming pools of the 1970s. A series of cartoons might warn the faithful in simple terms: ‘no running; no smoking; no pushing’. However the proposal foundered on our recollection of the injunction ‘no petting’ and its picture of a couple entwined, the man looking down lasciviously on his bikini-clad paramour who gazes up at him adoringly. For we actually do rather a lot of kissing in church.
At the Eucharist the first ritual act of the president is to kiss the altar, acknowledging on behalf of the people the divine presence in the lives of the saints, whose relics were originally embedded within the table. Then once the Gospel has been proclaimed the president kisses the book, acknowledging on behalf of the people the divine presence in the written Word. Then, before the gifts are brought to the table, we acknowledge the divine presence in one another at the Peace. It’s true that being British and Anglican we normally shake hands, but when we do so we are echoing St Paul’s command that we should greet one another with a holy kiss.
So a kiss is for us a familiar way of acknowledging the divine presence, and kissing a sacred image ought not present us with any difficulty. This is Holy Week, however, and in Holy Week we remember only one kiss.
‘Judas, is it with a kiss that you are betraying the Son of Man?’ The gesture is so terrible that the evangelists are divided over whether it actually happened. John cannot bear to contemplate it, and has Jesus identifying himself to the guards; in Luke Jesus forestalls the act with his question; only in Matthew and Mark does Judas actually make contact with Jesus, greeting him as ‘Rabbi!’
It was an acknowledgement of presence, just as our kisses are; it was perhaps even an acknowledgement of divine presence, a last roll of the dice for Judas, desperate to goad his God into action. But it was also the betrayal of a friend.
We dare not turn Judas into a scapegoat. For our kisses betray; our protestations of loyalty ring hollow; our vows of friendship deceive. We bring our lips to the cup of Christ’s presence and yet crucify him in our hearts and minds.
We kiss the sacred image; we acknowledge the divine presence; we recall that in so doing we worship one who will never fail, never betray, never deceive.
Wednesday in Holy Week: Fire
This is the third and last chapter in a volume entitled ‘How to Behave in the Presence of God’. In it I have offered some reflections on the three gestures that Orthodox Christians associate with the presence of God in holy icons.
In the first of these I considered the custom of touching the ground upon which the icon stands, a recognition that the worshipper is formed of the dust of the earth and will return to the dust of the earth, and so is a part of the entirety of creation that longs for God’s redeeming work. In the second I considered the custom of kissing the icon, a recognition of the divine presence that the icon mediates, a recognition which perhaps dawned dimly on Judas Iscariot when he kissed the Rabbi in the garden.
So to the third chapter: Fire.
After touching the ground and kissing the image the Orthodox Christian lights a candle before it, a candle which will burn long after he has left the place where the icon stands.
Of all three gestures this is the one with which we are most familiar. It’s not just that lighting candles is a popular activity in this parish; it is a popular activity throughout the length and breadth of our culture. Votive candles, so called, can be bought in Ikea as easily as in ecclesiastical outfitters, and they adorn not only the roadside shrines which have become a commonplace of contemporary life but also suburban dining tables and fireplaces. The lighting of candles is an acceptable secular liturgical act to which none now object. It’s strange to think that it caused such controversy in our church in the late nineteenth century.
Candles vary, of course, from ordinary tea-lights to extravagantly coloured and exotically perfumed confections that are scarcely recognizable as candles. What they all have in common is that they are made for a common end: their own destruction. That’s their point. Burn a candle and you’ll be left with nothing but a waxy pool, a lingering scent, and a memory of beauty, warmth and light.
Perhaps that is where the disciples of Jesus found themselves as night fell on Good Friday. Their dear friend had been destroyed as surely as are the candles lit here daily. His life had burned so brightly, shedding warming rays and dispelling gloomy shadow. But as the shades lengthened around the rock-hewn tomb the disciples had to adjust to a new reality. He was dead. It was finished. And all that was left was a beautiful memory.
Here we run out of gestures, metaphors and illustrations. A spent candle is a spent candle. It cannot be re-lit.
So let me suggest this. A candle is created for its own destruction. That is a common hallmark of human creation: rubber tyres are made for wearing out, steak and kidney pies for eating, and atomic weapons for detonation.
Perhaps God’s creation is different. He hates nothing he has made, as the Lenten Collect reminds us. Perhaps God’s creation is never for its own destruction. Perhaps it is only ever for its own transformation, for its transformation from glory to glory. Perhaps the dust and ash of the earth awaits such transformation; perhaps the denial of Peter and the betrayal of Iscariot await such transformation. And perhaps we await it, too.
Christ stands in the garden of Easter, his wounded hands outstretched towards us.
Wednesday, 1 April 2009
Cross of Sacrifice, Sunday 29 March 2009, Fifth of Lent
She has emerald green skin. She has a pointy black hat and a demented cackle. She strikes fear into the hearts of all who encounter her. She is, of course, the Wicked Witch of the West, famously vanquished by the little girl from Kansas who proves herself a deft hand with a pail of water. Ding, dong, the witch is dead, the Munchkins rejoice, the land is liberated, and Dorothy returns to Aunt Em.
So runs L. Frank Baum’s marvellous story, published in 1900, turned into an unforgettable film in 1939, a story that might have endured for ever as a testament to the power of innocent goodness over malevolent evil. Might have so endured - had it not been for Gregory Maguire.
In his novel, and in Wicked, the show that it inspired, Maguire gives the Witch a name. She is Elphaba, and she is born with a physical abnormality. She is green, and so she is repellent to her family, indeed to all who see her. Intellectual, awkward, and prickly, she is sent away to college, where she becomes a passionate advocate for others who, like her, cannot conform. The animals of Oz have always walked on their hind legs and talked as humans talk; they have even lectured and taught in college. Change is in the air, however, and these freedoms are under attack. Before her very eyes her beloved Professor Dillamond, a historian, aesthete, and goat, is dragged away and, bleating piteously, banned from teaching and condemned to walk on all fours.
Elphaba is confident that the wonderful Wizard of Oz will share her horror. Yet when she finally meets him she discovers that he has in fact orchestrated the pogrom. The great Oz is utterly corrupt. Spotting Elphaba’s intellect and innate gift of magic, he invites her to join him. She declines and declares war on him, but with enviable spin-doctoring skill he points to her greenness, brands her the Wicked Witch of the West, and condemns her as the enemy of Oz. The stage is set for the twister that brings the little wooden house crashing down into the land of the Munchkins. The yellow brick road beckons…
Many parallels have ben drawn in our tradition between the sacrifices offered on the altars of Jerusalem and the sacrifice offered by Jesus on a hill outside Jerusalem. These parallels are at first compelling and not unhelpful. In both, precious lives are given and precious blood is spilt in the belief that what is offered will be acceptable, indeed pleasing to God. Yet to push the analogy too far is to ignore the prophetic witness of the Hebrew Bible to the effect that, whatever cultic requirements ancient Israelite society may have, her God is not interested in the blood of goats and pigeons. ‘I hate, I despise your festivals,’ he says to Amos, ‘and I take no delight in your solemn assemblies. Even though you offer me your burnt-offerings and grain-offerings, I will not accept them, and the offerings of well-being of your fatted animals I will not look upon. Take away from me the noise of your songs; I will not listen to the melody of your harps. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream’. The God of Israel, into whose hands Jesus entrusts his spirit, does not need blood. The community that sends Jesus to the cross does. The Roman state, the Jewish hierarchs, the baying mob, the human race, you and I, do.
Wicked turns the story of little Dorothy’s valour into a story people caught up in furious wrath against a small group and against an individual. The weak Wizard of Oz is revealed to Elphaba as distinctly un-wonderful. He cowers behind a pyrotechnic display calculated to impress the gullible. He unites his people and props up his authority by finding enemies for them to hate: first the animals, and, when she refuses to join him, the Wicked Witch. Thus Maguire exposes for us a seam that runs through every human civilization that has ever existed. Time and again, we define ourselves in opposition to others, over against others, distinct from others. Time and again those others are to be feared and hated. The Pope has recently written to his fellow bishops in rather rueful terms, ‘At times one gets the impression that our society needs to have at least one group to which no tolerance may be shown; which one can easily attack and hate. And should someone dare to approach them – in this case the Pope – he too loses any right to tolerance; he too can be treated hatefully, without misgiving’. This very week demonstrators in our streets will burn effigies of the high-earning bankers who they demonize; this very week those of us who are too polite to burn anything will demonize those same demonstrators.
The book of Leviticus sets out for ancient Israel a formal mechanism for containing this wrath and hate, for ridding the people of it, a mechanism that has given its name to us in perpetuity. The priest lays his hands on the head of a goat chosen by lot, and confesses over it all the people’s transgressions, putting them onto the unfortunate beast, which is then despatched into the wilderness. Israel’s sin is borne away by the scapegoat and the community is temporarily cleansed of its anger. Elphaba becomes a scapegoat for the insecure wrath of Oz; Sir Fred Goodwin for the generation which believes itself unfairly treated. And on the cross we see the ultimate scapegoat, the one who is despised and rejected, the one against whom the fickle crowds turns, the one who positions himself in the path of humankind’s wrathful, fearful, hateful juggernaut, the one takes upon himself the whole weight of human anger, human failure and human sin. In going to the cross Jesus reveals sacrifice as killing; in going to the cross Jesus reveals the sentence passed upon him for what it is: not a holy and righteous act but the judicial murder of an innocent; in going to the cross Jesus reveals our rage against the other and contempt for the other for what it is: not justified indignation or enlightened self-interest but rage and contempt. Yet in going to the cross Jesus disarms rage and contempt. He lays aside his life as he lays aside his robes in the upper room, and in bread and wine he gives his life away as a gift to be shared.
David Ford and Daniel Hardy some years ago identified the Church’s big problem as its inability to cope with the abundance of God. They were right. Too often we behave as though the grace of God was like Lego bricks, something that we have to scrabble after in the dirt, something that comes only in tiny pieces. If I grab some of it then you can’t finish your house; if you do, I can’t finish my tractor. You become my scapegoat, or I become yours: ordained women, gay people, lone parents, conservative evangelicals, Forward in Faith, paedophiles, noisy children, 10 o’clockers: all are still in some quarter the subject of Christian rage and Christian contempt masquerading as Christian principle. Yet as Desmond Tutu reminds us, Jesus does not say ‘when I am lifted up I will draw some people to myself’ He says ‘when I am lifted up I will draw all people to myself’. All, all, all’.
There can be no us and them in the Church; there can only be us. I am because you are; not, I am because I am not you. We are one people, redeemed and set free, eyes opened to the terrible power of wrath and hate, one people sharing the life that was laid down and was raised, the life of Christ, the last sacrifice of them all. Ding, dong, the Witch is dead. In a few moments a bell will ring here, calling us not to exult in a death but to share in a life, a life freely given, a life that is for all eternity. For ‘as many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female, for all of you are one in Christ Jesus’. To him be the glory, now and for ever. Amen.
So runs L. Frank Baum’s marvellous story, published in 1900, turned into an unforgettable film in 1939, a story that might have endured for ever as a testament to the power of innocent goodness over malevolent evil. Might have so endured - had it not been for Gregory Maguire.
In his novel, and in Wicked, the show that it inspired, Maguire gives the Witch a name. She is Elphaba, and she is born with a physical abnormality. She is green, and so she is repellent to her family, indeed to all who see her. Intellectual, awkward, and prickly, she is sent away to college, where she becomes a passionate advocate for others who, like her, cannot conform. The animals of Oz have always walked on their hind legs and talked as humans talk; they have even lectured and taught in college. Change is in the air, however, and these freedoms are under attack. Before her very eyes her beloved Professor Dillamond, a historian, aesthete, and goat, is dragged away and, bleating piteously, banned from teaching and condemned to walk on all fours.
Elphaba is confident that the wonderful Wizard of Oz will share her horror. Yet when she finally meets him she discovers that he has in fact orchestrated the pogrom. The great Oz is utterly corrupt. Spotting Elphaba’s intellect and innate gift of magic, he invites her to join him. She declines and declares war on him, but with enviable spin-doctoring skill he points to her greenness, brands her the Wicked Witch of the West, and condemns her as the enemy of Oz. The stage is set for the twister that brings the little wooden house crashing down into the land of the Munchkins. The yellow brick road beckons…
Many parallels have ben drawn in our tradition between the sacrifices offered on the altars of Jerusalem and the sacrifice offered by Jesus on a hill outside Jerusalem. These parallels are at first compelling and not unhelpful. In both, precious lives are given and precious blood is spilt in the belief that what is offered will be acceptable, indeed pleasing to God. Yet to push the analogy too far is to ignore the prophetic witness of the Hebrew Bible to the effect that, whatever cultic requirements ancient Israelite society may have, her God is not interested in the blood of goats and pigeons. ‘I hate, I despise your festivals,’ he says to Amos, ‘and I take no delight in your solemn assemblies. Even though you offer me your burnt-offerings and grain-offerings, I will not accept them, and the offerings of well-being of your fatted animals I will not look upon. Take away from me the noise of your songs; I will not listen to the melody of your harps. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream’. The God of Israel, into whose hands Jesus entrusts his spirit, does not need blood. The community that sends Jesus to the cross does. The Roman state, the Jewish hierarchs, the baying mob, the human race, you and I, do.
Wicked turns the story of little Dorothy’s valour into a story people caught up in furious wrath against a small group and against an individual. The weak Wizard of Oz is revealed to Elphaba as distinctly un-wonderful. He cowers behind a pyrotechnic display calculated to impress the gullible. He unites his people and props up his authority by finding enemies for them to hate: first the animals, and, when she refuses to join him, the Wicked Witch. Thus Maguire exposes for us a seam that runs through every human civilization that has ever existed. Time and again, we define ourselves in opposition to others, over against others, distinct from others. Time and again those others are to be feared and hated. The Pope has recently written to his fellow bishops in rather rueful terms, ‘At times one gets the impression that our society needs to have at least one group to which no tolerance may be shown; which one can easily attack and hate. And should someone dare to approach them – in this case the Pope – he too loses any right to tolerance; he too can be treated hatefully, without misgiving’. This very week demonstrators in our streets will burn effigies of the high-earning bankers who they demonize; this very week those of us who are too polite to burn anything will demonize those same demonstrators.
The book of Leviticus sets out for ancient Israel a formal mechanism for containing this wrath and hate, for ridding the people of it, a mechanism that has given its name to us in perpetuity. The priest lays his hands on the head of a goat chosen by lot, and confesses over it all the people’s transgressions, putting them onto the unfortunate beast, which is then despatched into the wilderness. Israel’s sin is borne away by the scapegoat and the community is temporarily cleansed of its anger. Elphaba becomes a scapegoat for the insecure wrath of Oz; Sir Fred Goodwin for the generation which believes itself unfairly treated. And on the cross we see the ultimate scapegoat, the one who is despised and rejected, the one against whom the fickle crowds turns, the one who positions himself in the path of humankind’s wrathful, fearful, hateful juggernaut, the one takes upon himself the whole weight of human anger, human failure and human sin. In going to the cross Jesus reveals sacrifice as killing; in going to the cross Jesus reveals the sentence passed upon him for what it is: not a holy and righteous act but the judicial murder of an innocent; in going to the cross Jesus reveals our rage against the other and contempt for the other for what it is: not justified indignation or enlightened self-interest but rage and contempt. Yet in going to the cross Jesus disarms rage and contempt. He lays aside his life as he lays aside his robes in the upper room, and in bread and wine he gives his life away as a gift to be shared.
David Ford and Daniel Hardy some years ago identified the Church’s big problem as its inability to cope with the abundance of God. They were right. Too often we behave as though the grace of God was like Lego bricks, something that we have to scrabble after in the dirt, something that comes only in tiny pieces. If I grab some of it then you can’t finish your house; if you do, I can’t finish my tractor. You become my scapegoat, or I become yours: ordained women, gay people, lone parents, conservative evangelicals, Forward in Faith, paedophiles, noisy children, 10 o’clockers: all are still in some quarter the subject of Christian rage and Christian contempt masquerading as Christian principle. Yet as Desmond Tutu reminds us, Jesus does not say ‘when I am lifted up I will draw some people to myself’ He says ‘when I am lifted up I will draw all people to myself’. All, all, all’.
There can be no us and them in the Church; there can only be us. I am because you are; not, I am because I am not you. We are one people, redeemed and set free, eyes opened to the terrible power of wrath and hate, one people sharing the life that was laid down and was raised, the life of Christ, the last sacrifice of them all. Ding, dong, the Witch is dead. In a few moments a bell will ring here, calling us not to exult in a death but to share in a life, a life freely given, a life that is for all eternity. For ‘as many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female, for all of you are one in Christ Jesus’. To him be the glory, now and for ever. Amen.
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